A lung health check is a vital screening process designed to detect lung diseases early, often before symptoms appear. This check is particularly important for individuals at higher risk of lung conditions, including lung cancer. The assessment includes a detailed consultation, advanced imaging like low-dose CT (LDCT) scans, and lung function tests such as Spirometry, measurement of Lung Volumes, Gas Transfer, FeNO (Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide) testing andcCardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) if needed.
Lung health checks are essential for those at increased risk, including smokers, ex-smokers, and individuals exposed to harmful pollutants. Early detection can significantly improve outcomes, especially in lung cancer cases, where early treatment offers the best chance of survival.
What Happens During a Lung Health Check?
A lung health check is a thorough evaluation. The process involves:
1. The Consultation
The check begins with a detailed consultation where the specialist will:
- Ask about your medical history, including any respiratory conditions, such as asthma or COPD.
- Discuss lifestyle factors, including smoking history and occupational exposures.
- Assess symptoms such as breathlessness, persistent cough, chest pain, or unexplained weight loss.
- Evaluate your family history of lung disease or lung cancer.
This consultation helps determine which tests are necessary.
2. Investigations and Tests
If required, a series of investigations will be carried out to assess lung health in more detail.
Low-Dose CT (LDCT) Scan
A low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scan is a specialised imaging test used in lung cancer screening. It provides detailed images of the lungs with minimal radiation exposure. LDCT is highly effective at detecting lung cancer early, even before symptoms develop. It also identifies other disease causing abnormalities in the lungs and airways. It is particularly recommended for individuals at high risk of lung cancer, such as those with a history of smoking.
Lung Function Tests
Lung function tests measure how well your lungs are working and can help diagnose conditions like asthma, COPD, and interstitial lung disease. These include:
- Spirometry – Measures how much air you can inhale and exhale, and how quickly you can do so.
- FeNO (Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide) Test – This test measures the level of nitric oxide in your breath, which can indicate inflammation in the lungs. It is particularly useful for diagnosing and managing asthma.
- CPET (Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing) – This test evaluates how your heart and lungs respond to exercise. It may be recommended for individuals with unexplained breathlessness or those being assessed for lung surgery.
3. Lung Cancer Screening
Lung cancer screening is a key part of a lung health check, particularly for those at high risk. Early-stage lung cancer often has no symptoms, making screening crucial for early detection.
The NHS and other health organisations offer lung cancer screening programs for individuals:
- Aged 55-74 years
- With a history of smoking (current or past smokers)
- Who meet certain risk factor criteria based on smoking history and overall health
Lung cancer screening with LDCT scans has been shown to reduce lung cancer deaths by detecting tumours at an early, more treatable stage.
Who Is at Risk of Lung Disease and Lung Cancer?
Several factors increase the risk of developing lung conditions, including:
- Smoking and vaping – The leading cause of lung cancer and COPD.
- Occupational exposure – Long-term exposure to asbestos, silica dust, and other industrial pollutants.
- Air pollution – Prolonged exposure to polluted environments increases lung disease risk.
- Family history – A genetic predisposition can increase susceptibility.
- Chronic lung conditions – Asthma, COPD, and pulmonary fibrosis can make individuals more vulnerable to severe lung disease.
- Weakened immune system – Conditions like HIV, chemotherapy treatment, or autoimmune diseases increase the risk of lung infections and complications.
Who Benefits from a Lung Health Check?
A lung health check can benefit many individuals, particularly:
✅ Smokers and ex-smokers – Those with a history of smoking have a significantly higher risk of lung cancer and COPD. Early screening can detect problems before they become severe.
✅ People with persistent respiratory symptoms – Chronic cough, breathlessness, and unexplained chest pain should always be investigated.
✅ Individuals exposed to environmental hazards – Those who work in industries with dust, chemicals, or asbestos are at higher risk of lung disease.
✅ People with a family history of lung disease – If lung cancer or chronic lung conditions run in your family, early screening can help detect problems before they worsen.
✅ Older adults – Age increases the risk of lung disease, and routine screening can aid in early diagnosis.
Conclusion
A lung health check is a crucial tool for detecting lung disease early, particularly for individuals at high risk. With thorough consultations, advanced imaging like low-dose CT scans, and lung function tests like FeNO and CPET, these assessments provide a comprehensive overview of lung health.
Lung cancer screening is a significant part of these checks, helping to diagnose lung cancer at a stage where treatment is most effective. If you are a smoker, ex-smoker, or at risk due to other factors, a lung health check can be a lifesaving decision.
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Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment