Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia (PJP)
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a potentially life-threatening fungal infection that affects the lungs. It is primarily seen in immunocompromised individuals, including those with HIV/AIDS, but also in non-HIV patients who have compromised immune systems. Early recognition and treatment are critical for reducing mortality and improving outcomes. Epidemiology Pneumocystis jirovecii, previously known as Pneumocystis carinii…
Managing and Preventing Stress Incontinence in Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterised by the abnormal widening of the bronchi, leading to frequent respiratory infections and mucus accumulation. While the respiratory symptoms of bronchiectasis are well-known, the condition’s impact on other bodily functions, such as bladder health, is often overlooked. Stress incontinence, a type of urinary incontinence, is a common but…
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM): Where Did I Get It?
What are Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)? Nontuberculous mycobacteria are a diverse group of bacteria found naturally in the environment, particularly in soil and water. Unlike their well-known relatives, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (which causes tuberculosis) and Mycobacterium leprae (which causes leprosy), NTM are not typically spread from person to person. Instead, they infect individuals through environmental exposure. Where…
Smoking Cessation: Your Questions Answered
Has the decision to stop smoking finally been made? You’ve made a wise choice, and this guide will provide you with all the support and information you need on your journey to smoking cessation. We answer all your queries about quitting smoking, ranging from the hazards associated with smoking to the most effective strategies to…
Deciphering Causes of Chest Pain: Respiratory, Cardiac, Gastroenterolgical or Musculoskeletal?
Introduction When your chest gives a twinge, a whirlwind of concerns can flood your mind. Yet, the causes of chest pain aren’t always sinister. Let’s take a journey through the maze of potential causes, from investigations to treatments. 1. Breathing Trouble: Respiratory Pain as an Origin of Chest Pain Our lungs play a crucial role,…
Understanding Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)
What is Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)? LTBI, or Latent Tuberculosis Infection, isn’t a term that we hear every day. Essentially, it describes a state where a person carries the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in their body but does not show any symptoms of the disease – Tuberculosis. In this state, the bacteria exist in a dormant…
The Internal Medicine Physician: Who They Are and How They Can Help You
So, What Exactly is a Physician? Firstly, let’s break it down. A physician is a medical professional who is qualified to practise medicine after undergoing rigorous training. They are dedicated to ensuring the well-being of their patients, diagnosing ailments, and recommending treatments. But, What Makes an Internal Medicine Physician Unique? An internal medicine physician, often…
The Complications of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Introduction Got a good night’s sleep lately? Ah, what a loaded question that’s become in our go-go-go world! We’re often too wired on caffeine and stress to even consider what a ‘good’ sleep feels like. But what if it’s not just the hustle and bustle of life that’s robbing you of your slumber? What if…
Sleep hygiene: Mastering Sleep Quality and Conquering Insomnia
Introduction Hello there, Sleep Seeker! Are you still tangled in the frustrating whirl of counting sheep? Or does turning and twisting in bed seem like your regular nocturnal exercise? Well, bid adeus to those restless nights with this advise. Whether you’re grappling with insomnia or simply striving to boost your sleep quality, your answer lies…