Bronchiectasis in Immunocompromised Individuals
Bronchiectasis in immunocompromised individuals is a serious health issue. It develops when the airways become permanently widened and scarred after repeated infections. This lung damage makes it harder to clear mucus, leading to even more infections. The result is a vicious cycle of illness that can seriously reduce quality of life. Understanding why immunocompromised people […]
The Rise in Viral Respiratory Infections: Human Metapneumovirus
As winter deepens across the Northern Hemisphere, healthcare systems are facing a surge in viral respiratory infections. Influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are leading causes of hospitalisations, particularly in vulnerable populations. Recent reports of a rise in hMPV cases in China have brought renewed attention to this lesser-known virus. This article […]
Environmental factors in NTM infections
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are an increasing public health challenge globally, and environmental factors play a significant role in this rise. NTM are opportunistic pathogens found in diverse habitats such as soil, water systems, and even household plumbing. Unlike Mycobacterium tuberculosis, NTM are not thought to spread from person to person but through environmental exposure. […]
Managing Refractory MAC Pulmonary Disease
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease is a challenging condition to treat, particularly when standard therapies fail. When patients continue to test positive for MAC despite undergoing treatment, the disease is considered refractory. Here we will explore what refractory MAC pulmonary disease is, how it’s diagnosed, and the steps that can be taken to try […]
Unraveling the Intricacies of Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GvHD)
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a complex medical condition that follows stem cell transplantation. When the newly introduced immune system turns against the host’s cells, it leads to GvHD. This occurrence can assume various forms, such as acute, chronic, progressive, or overlap, each exhibiting different severity levels. A myriad of organs, including the skin, gut, mouth, […]
Navigating the Risks of Year-Round Respiratory Viruses
Gone are the days when respiratory viruses like the flu and the common cold were solely a concern during the brisk British autumn and winter months. This shift in the seasonal pattern of these illnesses may have left you puzzled and concerned, especially if you or your loved ones seem to be falling ill outside […]
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial infection: When to Treat?
As an expert in pulmonary infections, Dr Ricardo Jose, frequently encounter queries about Mycobacterium other than Tuberculosis, also known as Non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM). Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial infections can be quite puzzling, not only for patients but also for other healthcare professionals. Let’s look at understanding when to treat these pulmonary infections, balancing the fine line between […]
Viral Pneumonia: The Echoing Spectre in a Post-Pandemic World
Introduction In the wake of the world-altering SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the global health community is teetering on the precipice of yet another sinister tempest – the burgeoning menace of viral pneumonia. Now, you might be wondering, “Haven’t we grappled enough with respiratory viruses?” True, yet here we are, staring at future potential global health crisis. Viral […]
The Breath Behind the Ache: Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Lungs
Pathophysiology: When RA Decides to Play in the Lung Field Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is notorious for wreaking havoc on our joints. But it’s not restricted to just the joints; the pathophysiology can have implications on our lungs too. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lung Disease: A Chicken or the Egg Dilemma Interestingly, the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis […]
Pneumonia’s Varying Guises: From the Home to the ICU
Introduction Pneumonia. Sounds rather familiar, doesn’t it? However, before you muse over that nasty bout you battled last winter, brace yourself! The vast world of pneumonia is not just limited to a solitary type. From its origins to the cheeky bugs causing it, let’s navigate through the winding alleys of different types of pneumonia: community-acquired, […]
ESKAPE: Emerging Multi-Drug Resistant Pneumonia Pathogens!
Introduction There’s a storm brewing on the horizon of healthcare, and it’s not to be taken lightly. Emerging multi-drug resistant pathogens causing pneumonia are rearing their heads, and among them, the ESKAPE group is leading the rebellion. Ready for a closer look? The ESKAPE pathogens Acinetobacter Pneumoniae: The Silent Usurper Epidemiology Risks and Mortality Pseudomonas […]
The Future of Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment
Introduction No one likes being sick, right? But when it comes to pneumonia, it’s not just an “under-the-weather” scenario—it’s potentially life-threatening. However, in the fast-evolving world of medical science, there’s an uplifting twist! With a rapid evolution in technology and research, the future of pneumonia diagnosis and treatment is set to revolutionize patient care. So, […]
The Unravelling of Green Sputum: A Comprehensive Insight
Green sputum raises eyebrows and concerns alike. Let’s look into the anatomy, biochemistry, immunology, and cellular biomedicine of sputum to understand its true nature and implications. What is Sputum? Often colloquially referred to as phlegm, sputum is not just any mucus. Originating from the lungs and lower respiratory tract, sputum has a unique composition and […]
Fungal Foes: The Impact and Treatment of Endemic Mycoses
An Introduction to Endemic Mycoses Endemic mycoses, commonly known as endemic fungal infections, are an important public health issue worldwide. The fungi causing these infections are often soil-dwelling organisms that pose a significant risk to people who come into contact with them. Although relatively uncommon compared to bacterial or viral diseases, they can lead to […]
Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction to Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, often referred to as TB, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This ancient and notorious disease has plagued humanity for centuries, leaving behind a trail of suffering and death. Despite advancements in medicine and healthcare, tuberculosis remains a significant global health concern, particularly in resource-limited regions. Epidemiology […]
Understanding Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) represents a long-term lung infection caused by the fungus Aspergillus. This comprehensive guide will help you understand the intricacies of CPA, from its symptoms to diagnosis and treatment options. Defining Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis CPA occurs predominantly in individuals with existing lung conditions. This disease is characterised by a persistent fungal infection […]
Deciphering Lung Infections and the Essential Role of Your Lung Infection Specialist
Puffing and panting for breath is a right bother, and when a cough takes up permanent residence in your lungs, it’s hard to ignore. Furthermore, having night sweats and fevers, is concerning. Lung infections, whether it’s in your airways, lung parenchyma, or pleura, can turn your world on its head. Standing as your line of […]
Understanding Empyema: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
In this guide, we aim to provide a detailed understanding of empyema, a potentially serious lung condition. We’ll explain what empyema is, its underlying causes, how it’s diagnosed, the available treatment options, and the measures that can be taken to prevent it. What is Empyema? Empyema, also known as a pleural infection, is a condition […]
Who Should Have the Pneumococcal Vaccine?
The pneumococcal vaccine, often colloquially referred to as the pneumonia vaccine, plays an integral role in the prevention of diseases caused by the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. However, it’s important to remember that this particular bacterium is not the only cause of pneumonia, a common misconception. What is the Pneumococcal Vaccine The pneumococcal vaccine targets Streptococcus […]
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: A Problem in Chronic Lung disease
We live in a world teeming with invisible life forms. One such organism that has emerged as a major concern in recent years is Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. You might not have heard of it, or you might have come across this term but haven’t quite understood what it signifies. It’s not as familiar as common germs […]
The Impact of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome on Respiratory Symptoms
Introduction to Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) is a disorder that arises from an abnormal release of mast cell mediators, potentially causing a plethora of symptoms that can disrupt daily life. In certain cases, these symptoms manifest in the respiratory system, with impacts that can vary in severity. Symptoms of […]
Boosting Your Immune System: Preventing Lung Infections
The Immune System: Your Body’s Personal Army Each of us possesses a personal protective army – a genuine aspect of our biological makeup: our immune system. Composed of an intricate network of cells, tissues, and organs, the immune system is our body’s primary defence mechanism against harmful foreign invaders, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. When […]
Phages in Bronchiectasis Treatment: A Revolutionary Approach?
The Burden of Bronchiectasis Bronchiectasis presents a significant health challenge worldwide. This condition is characterised by a permanent enlargement of the airways. It results in a chronic cough, fatigue, and persistent chest infections. Current treatments help manage symptoms and control infection but do not offer a permanent solution to the presence of colonising bacteria. However, […]
Comprehensive Guide to NTM Treatment: Key Medications Explained
Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) infections present a significant public health concern globally. NTM, unlike tuberculosis, aren’t transmitted from person to person. However, they can cause severe lung disease, particularly in individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are vital in managing these infections. With an increasing number of cases each year, understanding NTM […]
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: Understanding the disease
What are NTM? Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) constitute a large group of diverse organisms found in a variety of natural environments. These bacteria thrive in both water and soil, and can be found in natural bodies of water, tap water, and even in your shower at home. NTM are called “non-tuberculous” to distinguish them from the […]
Understanding Bronchiectasis: A Look into its Complications
The world of respiratory health presents many challenges, and this includes the complications of bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is a condition, characterised by the permanent enlargement of the bronchial tubes, and is often debilitating. This blog highlights some of the important complications of bronchiectasis, with a focus on bacterial colonisation, frequent exacerbations, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections, fungal […]
What is mould? Its Risks, Remediation, and More
When it comes to home hazards, there’s one sinister and often overlooked culprit: mould. This stealthy invader could be hiding in homes, compromising health without the individuals knowledge. What is Mould? Mould is a type of fungi. It’s ubiquitous in our environment, thriving both indoors and outdoors. Mould propagates by producing microscopic spores that float […]
Understanding Aspergillus Mould: A Silent Cause of Fungal Lung Disease
It’s an extraordinary fact that the air we breathe can hold many unseen mysteries, some of which can pose severe threats to our health. One such covert perpetrator is the Aspergillus mould, a commonly found fungus with the potential to cause significant health conditions. Today, we will delve into the fascinating and complex world of […]
Respiratory Infections in Sarcoidosis: Understanding the Link and Treatment
Respiratory infections can have a significant impact on individuals with sarcoidosis. This is due to structural lung disease and the immunosuppressive medication used to treat the lung inflammation. The connection between sarcoidosis and respiratory infections is explored here, including the symptoms and valuable information on managing and preventing these infections. By understanding this link and […]
Immunodeficiency – What are the signs?
Immunodeficiency prevents the body from fighting against infections.This is due to the impairment of the body’s ability to defend itself against foreign or abnormal cells that invade or attack it. As a result, the body becomes more vulnerable to infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and mycobacteria. Furthermore, recurrent infections is a common cause of bronchiectasis.
Chest Infections that can be treated with Antibiotics
What is a Chest Infection? A chest infection is a infection that affects the lower part of the respiratory tract. This includes the windpipe, bronchi, and lungs. Depending on the nature of chest infections they can be either mild in nature which could clear up on their own, or can be severe and life threatening. […]
Treatment of bronchiectasis: What should I know?
What is bronchiectasis? Before discussing the treatment of bronchiectasis it is important to understand what bronchiectasis is and how it affects people. Bronchiectasis is a condition where there is abnormal dilation of the bronchi. There are several medical conditions that lead to this condition and need to be considered when treating people with bronchiectasis. However, […]